Evaluation of the primary stability of two types of dental implants through computational modeling of insertion process and pull-out test

In this study, the primary stability of two widely used imported dental implants in the Iranian market, referred to here as Implant A and Implant B, was investigated and compared. This comparison was conducted through simulations of each implant insertion process into the bone, followed by pull-out test simulations. Key parameters, such as maximum insertion torque, pull-out strength, implant-bone structure stiffness, and the work done by external stimuli, i.e., forces and torques, during the insertion process were calculated using finite element methods, for each brand. Both insertion and pull-out operations can cause damage within the bone tissue; therefore, this study considered plastic and damage properties, in addition to the elastic properties of the bone tissue. The results showed a good agreement with existing experimental results, as well as with some finite element studies appeared in the literature. It was found that the insertion torque, stiffness, and holding power for Implant A were 48%, $\mathbf{3 1 \%}$, and $\mathbf{2 9 \%}$ higher, respectively, than those of the Implant B. Additionally, it was found that the work required for implantation of Implant A is $41 \%$ lower than that of Implant B. Thus, it can be concluded that, as expected, a lower amount of insertion energy implies less damage production in the bone tissue, so will result in a greater primary stability of the dental implant in terms of pull-out strength and implant-bone structure stiffness.