Biological Evaluation of Poly(L-lactide)-Based Fibrous Coatings for Titanium Implant

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in dental and orthopedic implants due to their excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. However, they do not form a chemical bond with bone tissue, leading to issues such as implant loosening and failure. To address this, fibrous coatings with pristine Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and PLLA containing $15 \mathrm{wt} \%$ hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were applied by electrospinning onto titanium substrates. The results indicated that the fibrous coating supported MG-63 cell survival and attachment, with the composite fibrous coating showing better cell attachment and growth. The bioactivity of the sample containing PLLA-HA coating was confirmed by its apatite-forming potential, demonstrating its suitability for enhancing the performance of titanium implants in bone tissue engineering. The aforementioned sample exhibited favorable cell survival and morphology, with increased calcium phosphate (CaP) mineral deposits from simulated body fluid (SBF) over time (from $\mathrm{Ca} / \mathrm{P}=1.56$ on the 7 th day to 1.69 on the 28th day), indicating its potential for effective bone regeneration and integration.