Anti-inflammation Drug Delivery System Containing Honey Bee Venom (Apis Mellifera Caucasian Honey Bee)

Despite the advancements in developing anti-inflammation pharmaceuticals and their natural therapies, administering certain drugs, particularly at implantation sites still poses challenges. Honey bee venom (HBV) as a bioactive source, reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreases the expression of cox- 2. However, HBV as a treatment is restricted due to its compounds and limited therapeutic window, making drug delivery systems (DDSs) essential in controlling its release. This research seeks to develop and assess a DDS to reduce inflammation by affecting reactive oxygen species and enhancing implantation site tissue regeneration. By ionic gelation in water, chitosan-hyaluronic acid (Cs-HA) particles containing HBV collected from Apis mellifera Caucasian honey bees were prepared, and their morphological, physical, and chemical properties were examined. SEM images indicated the average diameter at 786.45 nm while revealing the particles morphology. The average particles’ size determined by DLS was 828.29 nm. The HBV-loaded particles’ encapsulation efficacy (EE%) was measured at $\mathbf{9 5. 6 1 2 \%}$. In addition, HBV release from Cs-HA particles was investigated using an in-vitro drug release test, which revealed a burst release of $58.87 \%$ in the first 2 hours and a sustained release of $75.79 \%$ for the next 72 hours. This can be considered a suitable DDS for inhibiting the primary inflammation of tissues in the first 48 hours of implantation and accelerating the regeneration of damaged tissue at the implantation site.