Swarm Intelligence-Based Bio Inspired Algorithm for Patch Antenna Optimization

the design of pentagon shape oriented patch antenna then its simulation, parameter optimization later on its fabrication and at the end it’s testing is presented in this study. Optimization process reduces the antenna’s dimensions to $5 \mathbf{c m}$ by $5 \mathbf{c m}$. For antenna optimization, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) was selected. An ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) was used to vary the side length and feeding location of the pentagon-shaped antenna, which was fed by a coaxial wire with a 1.59 mm diameter. The optimization aimed to identify parameters which improve the antenna’s working efficiency. We have implemented the ACO Algorithm using MATLAB software. The antenna was designed using the Ansys HFSS program. MATLAB can integrate with Ansys HFSS software to facilitate optimization. The return loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) were the metrics taken into consideration. The ACO produced a design that was 5 cm by 5 cm in size and had a S11 of -27.96 dB and a Voltage standing wave ratio which was 1.08 at operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. using a network analyser, the constructed antenna was tested in an anechoic environment. The measurements obtained from the modelling and the fabrication of the antenna showed high agreement for the VSWR parameters and good performance in return loss at the 2.4 GHz operating frequency