Electronic Pillbox-enabled Self-administered Therapy Versus Standard Directly Observed Therapy for Tuberculosis Medication Adherence and Treatment Outcomes in Ethiopia: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

workload (53/100), and insufficient staff resources (50/100).A higher proportion of private hospital respondents indicated insufficient doctor involvement (54%) and absence of an antibiotic stewardship multidisciplinary team (MDT) (33%), as important barriers, compared to public hospitals respondents (34% and 33%).Two of the most reported barriers for all respondents were in the domain of data specifically, no/insufficient data on antimicrobial use trends over time (42/100) and antimicrobial/microbiology data available, not accessible to MDT (40/100).The complexity of neonatal care in the domain of knowledge was the third highest barrier for all respondents (51/100), with a higher proportion of pharmacists indicating this as an important barrier (78%), compared to nurses (29%).The main themes from the open question on top enablers for neonatal AMS were more staff resources, better communication, and strengthening MDT collaboration.Discussion: ASPs globally and in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa are burdened with many challenges regarding effective implementation of health interventions.Comparative data on barriers and enablers in neonatal AMS in LMICs are limited.The results of our survey provided insight into the MDT perspectives on the barriers and enablers for neonatal AMS and helped identify the main contextual factors that needed to be addressed in the implementation phase of the study.Conclusion: Implementing ASP interventions using MDTs requires contextual understanding of the drivers for clinical practice, and investment in addressing the drivers that may negatively impact progress, whilst learning from success factors across MDTs.