A look at the mathematics of radar-based nowcasting

Short-term weather prediction systems that rely on radar information, known as nowcasting, involve multiple stages of numerical computation and visualization. The algorithms utilized encompass geometric transformations, statistical analysis, image processing, scalar and vector field calculations, and numerical computations based on various mathematical models. Current computer software used for nowcasting, which depends on data and images, requires a deep understanding of fundamental geometry, calculus, algebra, and various mathematical principles from both users and developers. This paper aims to provide a concise and straightforward overview of the process of handling weather radar data for visualization and nowcasting, while also delving into the mathematical principles underpinning these techniques. As a result, the application of mathematics topics covered in undergraduate courses was presented, in the context of their practical use in precipitation and severe events nowcasting systems.