Análisis multivariado de las provincias y áreas protegidas de Ecuador basado en la presencia de ranas dardo venenosas (Dendrobatidae) y consideraciones para su conservación

Understanding the distribution patterns of species is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies, particularly in regions with high biodiversity and endemism like Ecuador. Amphibians, especially poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae), serve as important bioindicators of environmental health, yet they face significant threats from habitat loss, climate change, and other anthropogenic factors. This study examines the distribution patterns of poison dart frog species across various provinces and protected areas in Ecuador, utilizing an updated database containing 48 species, 32 of which are endemic to the country. Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to compare provinces and protected areas based on species richness, effectively identifying regions with higher and lower poison dart frog species presence. Additionally, ecological factors and the influence of protected areas on the distribution of these frogs are discussed. The findings reveal regions of high species richness, underscore the potential effects of environmental changes on poison dart frog communities, and highlight the crucial role of protected areas in safeguarding biodiversity. This study underscores the importance of integrating these analyses into conservation planning and decision-making processes, aiming to protect poison dart frogs and their habitats. By addressing these challenges, this research contributes complementary perspectives into preserving Ecuador’s unique amphibian diversity.