Genetic variability of human papillomavirus genotypes 16 and 18 and its association with cervical cancer

This study explores the relationship between the genetic variability of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 and their impact on the aggressiveness of cervical cancer. These genotypes account for 73% of global cases, and their integration into the host genome leads to the overexpression of viral proteins E6 and E7, which interfere with the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb, promoting oncogenesis. The objective of this research was to analyze through various studies the relationship between specific genetic variants of HPV-16 and HPV-18 and the increased aggressiveness of cervical cancer. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2023 was conducted, selecting 30 relevant studies. The findings suggest that variability in the E6, E7 genes, and the long control region (LCR) directly impacts oncogenesis by altering viral transcription and immune response, increasing cancer risk. These variations can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.