Risk factors in depression in oncology patients. Dr. Julio Villacreses Colmont Hospital

The general objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for depression in patients with an oncological diagnosis treated at the Dr. Julio Villacreses Colmont Hospital in Portoviejo. A descriptive and cross-sectional design was used, applying a sociodemographic file and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) to a sample of 242 patients. The results revealed that 33% of the patients had severe depression, while 42% showed moderate depression. In terms of anxiety levels, 30% of participants experienced severe anxiety and 41% moderate anxiety. The most prevalent types of cancer were prostate and lung, with most diagnoses in advanced stages (III and IV). A high rate of comorbidities was identified, present in 52% of patients, which complicated treatment and affected prognosis. In conclusion, the high levels of anxiety and depression in cancer patients highlight the importance of integrating psychological support into their care, promoting a comprehensive approach that improves both quality of life and clinical outcomes.