Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model on Science and Physics Learning on Students' High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on students' high order thinking skills. The topic of this essay is meta-analysis. Meta analysis is a study conducted by collecting, analyzing, and comparing data from several previously completed studies. Research samples were made from 27 nationally and internationally accredited journals with criteria according to the problem formulation. The data analysis method used in this study is a method that minimizes the effect size of each article. Based on the results of the research, it has been determined that the effect of the problem-based learning model on students' high order thinking skills. First, the problem based learning model has a significant influence on improving students' high order thinking skills. Second, the problem based learning model based on educational level states that there is a significant influence on students' higher level thinking abilities. Third, the problem based learning model based on science and physics subjects does not have a significant difference in students' high order thinking skills.