Parkinsonism Hyperpyrexia Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Temperature Elevation

Fever is a common finding in hospitalized patients, and a noninfectious cause is present in up to half of cases. Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal complication of Parkinson's disease, characterized by the presence of clinical features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients who have reduced or completely discontinued antiparkinsonian medications. We report the case of a 63-year-old female patient with Parkinson's disease presenting with a sensorium alteration and noncompliance with her usual medication, parkinsonism, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and transaminase elevation. Due to the persistence of the fever, despite resuming her usual antiparkinsonian medications, bromocriptine was initiated with a resolution of symptoms. We conclude that a thorough clinical history, with a drug compliance review, should be made to ensure a correct diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation.