Exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics impairs sperm metabolism and pre-implantation embryo development in mice

In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the oral gavage administration of polystyrene nanoplastics to male mice significantly affects male reproductive function, resulting in abnormalities in early embryonic development and alterations in associated gene expression profiles. These findings offer essential scientific insights for future research into sperm-mediated transgenerational effects and their impact on early embryonic development.