Shaping masculinity through control: Unveiling the impact of paternal authoritarian parenting on child gender role identity

This study seeks to explore the influence of paternal parenting styles associated with masculinity on the development of gender role identity in children. Data was collected from male and female graduates as well as undergraduates at Hazara University Mansehra to address the research questions. Data was collected using a quantitative approach, employing the Bem Sex Role Inventory to evaluate masculinity among the study participants; along with the Paternal Authority Questionnaire, data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A sample of 370 individuals was utilized to collect data at the selected university. The method of Systematic sampling was utilized to gather data from participants. The statistical data was analyzed through univariate, Bi-variate and multi-variate methods. A comprehensive analysis was performed to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The chi-square and gamma association results between the Authoritarian Parenting Style and level of Masculinity were statistically significant and negatively associated.