Personalized workload management in badminton using a machine learning model

Badminton is a demanding sport that requires effective workload management to enhance performance and prevent injuries. This study developed a machine learning-based Decision Tree (DT) model to create personalized workload management strategies for 73 young elite badminton players, averaging 6 years of experience. Players underwent anthropometric and fitness assessments, with external loads measured via triaxial accelerometers and internal loads through rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during training and competition. K-means clustering categorized players into high, moderate, and low external workload levels. High-load players were generally older, taller, heavier, and exhibited superior flexibility, grip strength, and countermovement jump performance. Moderate-load players excelled in balance and leg endurance, while low-load players showed greater upper body strength, quicker reaction times, and higher perceived exertion. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of tree depth on model performance, followed by a comparative assessment of the Decision Tree (DT) model and multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR). The results demonstrated that the DT model outperformed the MLR, achieving 92% accuracy in predicting external loads compared to the MLR's 57%. This highlights the DT model's superior capability to provide tailored workload recommendations, thereby enhancing athletic performance and reducing the risk of injury.