A Cross-Sectional Study on Problematic Media Use (PMU) in Indian Children and Its Association With Behavioral Issues and Parenting Styles During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and restrictions on the people's movement were imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19. With significant social restrictions, digital media emerged as the key to socialization and daily functioning. Psychological and behavioral issues have been reported in children with excessive screen use. A cross-sectional online study was conducted to evaluate problematic media use (PMU) among children, its impact on behavior, and its association with parenting styles. Data were recorded using a questionnaire for sociodemographic, screen use details and behavioral issues (temper tantrums, disruptive behavior, sleep issues, etc.), Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form (PMUM - SF), and Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire - Short Version (PSDQ - SF). A total of 253 parents responded, and 218 completed questionnaires were analyzed (mean age = 9.29; SD = 3.07). Sixteen percent (N=35) of the population showed PMU, most of whom (62.86%) belonged to the 6-to11-year age group. PMU was significantly associated with behavioral issues in the form of temper tantrums (p<0.01), clingy/attention-seeking behavior, sleep disturbances, and appetite issues (p<0.05). Authoritarian (p=0.001) and permissive (p=0.000) parenting styles were significantly higher in children with PMU. The study provides a snapshot of the situation during the initial phases of the pandemic regarding PMU in children and shows its behavioral impact. It also highlights the importance of parenting styles and the possibility of developing parental skills to curtail PMU.