Overview of Hybrid Marine Energy System Configurations and System Component Modeling Approaches

This paper aims to highlight the importance of hybrid propulsion technologies in the maritime industry as a key step toward reducing harmful emissions and improving the energy efficiency of the shipping sector. Hybrid systems, through optimized energy management and the combination of diesel engines, batteries, and fuel cells, can reduce fossil fuel consumption and emissions, contributing to decarbonization goals and lowering operating costs for shipowners. Different propulsion and energy architectures are examined, each offering specific advantages and being applied depending on the type of vessel and regulatory requirements. The main components of hybrid marine energy systems are specifically analyzed with their advantages and disadvantages. Special emphasis is placed on modeling hybrid system components, using both physical and data-driven models. Physical models provide accuracy but are more complex, while data-driven models enable fast processing and adaptability but may deviate from real results without high-quality data.