Thick perception

Abstract We advance an anthropological approach to human visual experience that opposes reductive conceptions founded on notions of historically and socio‐culturally abstract and unsituated subjects. Instead, we propose that vision is part of an ongoing semiotic relation between seeing subjects and visual contexts that are not just psychological but also socio‐historical and cultural. We engage with the other articles in this special section to argue that human vision works by seeing together. People calibrate their seeing with that of those around them, thereby shaping what's seen and the seeing subjects themselves. These processes are accomplished through overlapping (or “thick”) circuits of intromission and social “extromission” (i.e., actions appropriate to the things seen within specific socio‐historical trajectories), so that mutuality of seeing is integral to “mutuality of being.” Understanding seeing processes requires historical and ethnographic investigations of the varieties of visual experience that extend far beyond biophysical mechanisms. The other papers in this section consider the apprenticeship of skilled visions, an account for a vision of the Virgin of Guadalupe in a Chicago underpass, the semiotics of perspective and the tactility of seeing in Tamil cinema, and the role of engineers’ theories of vision in their efforts to develop a prosthetic retina.