Fire Evacuation Influence Factor Analysis and Optimization Research for Comprehensive Teaching Buildings

Due to the complexity of the architectural structure within comprehensive teaching buildings and the diversity of the student population, these buildings face more intricate fire safety challenges than ordinary teaching buildings. Current research primarily focuses on the analysis of single-building structures or individual factors, lacking an examination of the mechanism of multiple factors on emergency evacuation. Therefore, this study takes a comprehensive teaching building with a complex structure as a case study and, considering the behavioral characteristics of university personnel, conducts simulations using Pathfinder software. The model evaluates the effectiveness of pedestrian flow, vertical personnel distribution, horizontal functional zoning, priority ranking adjustments, and combination strategies on evacuation, as well as the impact of psychological factors on evacuation efficiency, providing a comparative analysis of the influence of each factor on evacuation. The results indicate that controlling the number of people in classrooms at the same time to reduce pedestrian flow can effectively shorten evacuation time, improving evacuation efficiency by 17.63%. The reasonable optimization of functional zoning and priority ranking can also effectively reduce evacuation time. In cases where there is high personnel density on upper floors and the teaching building’s functional zoning is unreasonable, the optimization effect of combination strategies is particularly significant, improving evacuation efficiency by 23.94%. Under panic conditions, leaders can effectively improve evacuation efficiency, and their role becomes increasingly significant as the level of panic rises. By considering the impact of various factors on evacuation, this research aims to enhance the evacuation efficiency of teaching buildings. The findings provide a scientific basis for emergency evacuation in complex buildings like teaching facilities.