Comparison of impact and compression stress in single particle breakage phenomena of multi-component systems

• Analysis of slag breakage behavior under compressive and impact loading . • Influence of particle size and composition on the grindability of slags. • Advantages of compressive stressing for grain size reduction and energy efficiency. • Slag breakage model based on material and stress mechanisms. In the last decade, modelling and simulation of grinding processes has received considerable attention due to its critical role in optimising mill operations and improving the understanding of the mechanisms. This study focuses on the comparative analysis of the breakage behaviour of slags, a by-product of metallurgical processes, under compressive and impact loading . Using two different breakage testers, the research investigates the influence of slag particle size and composition on grindability, examining the breakage function, energy consumption and probability of particle breakage. The knowledge gained from testing different slag materials highlights the material specific responses to different stress mechanisms and emphasises the importance of selecting the appropriate grinding technology. The study shows the advantages of compressive stressing of slags in achieving the desired grain size reduction and energy efficiency. The results also highlight the need to choose a valid breakage model based on the specific material characteristics and stress mechanism applied. By providing a fundamental comparison of these breakage mechanisms, the study provides valuable data to guide the selection of grinding equipment to optimise both product quality and process efficiency in industrial applications. This research not only advances our understanding of slag reactivity and mechanical stability, but also supports the development of more sustainable materials processing techniques.