Proposal for a Novel Classification of Patients With Enlarged Ventricles and Cognitive Impairment Based on Data‐Driven Analysis of Neuroimaging Results in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders

One of the challenges in diagnosing psychiatric disorders is that the results of biological and neuroscience research are not reflected in the diagnostic criteria. Thus, data-driven analyses incorporating biological and cross-disease perspectives, regardless of the diagnostic category, have recently been proposed. A data-driven clustering study based on subcortical volumes in 5604 subjects classified into four brain biotypes associated with cognitive/social functioning. Among the four brain biotypes identified in controls and patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other psychiatric disorders, we further analyzed the brain biotype 1 subjects, those with an extremely small limbic region, for clinical utility. We found that the representative feature of brain biotype 1 is enlarged lateral ventricles. An enlarged ventricle, defined by an average z-score of left and right lateral ventricle volumes > 3, had a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 98.1% for discriminating brain biotype 1. However, the presence of an enlarged ventricle was not sufficient to classify patient subgroups, as 1% of the controls also had enlarged ventricles. Reclassification of patients with enlarged ventricles according to cognitive impairment resulted in a stratified subgroup that included patients with a high proportion of schizophrenia diagnoses, electroencephalography abnormalities, and rare pathological genetic copy number variations. Data-driven clustering analysis of neuroimaging data revealed subgroups with enlarged ventricles and cognitive impairment. This subgroup could be a new diagnostic candidate for psychiatric disorders. This concept and strategy may be useful for identifying biologically defined psychiatric disorders in the future.

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Publication Details

Journal
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports
Published
2025-02-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.70010
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
7.16

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article

Proposal for a Novel Classification of Patients With Enlarged Ventricles and Cognitive Impairment Based on Data‐Driven Analysis of Neuroimaging Results in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders

Toshiaki Onitsuka, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Daiki Sasabayashi, Kiyoto Kasai et al.
5 citations
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
7.16
article

Proposal for a Novel Classification of Patients With Enlarged Ventricles and Cognitive Impairment Based on Data‐Driven Analysis of Neuroimaging Results in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders

Toshiaki Onitsuka, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Daiki Sasabayashi, Kiyoto Kasai, Eri Itai, Maeri Yamamoto, Shin Nakagawa, Naohiro Okada, Yuka Yasuda, Osamu Abe, Michiko Fujimoto, Hidenaga Yamamori, Harumasa Takano, Norio Ozaki, Yoshiro Okubo, Yoji Hirano, Hidenori Yamasue, Michihiko Koeda, Kenichiro Miura, Ryota Hashimoto, Go Okada, Naoki Hashimoto, Jun Miyata, Khin Khin Tha, Toshiharu Kamishikiryo, Masaki Fukunaga, Itaru Kushima, Hisashi Narita, Satsuki Ito, Junya Matsumoto, Manabu Kubota, Kazutaka Ohi, Masataka Kikuchi, Chika Sumiyoshi, Reiji Yoshimura, Amane Tateno, Naomi Hasegawa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Shusuke Numata, Motoaki Nakamura, Hiroyuki Igarashi
article en
5 citations

Abstract

One of the challenges in diagnosing psychiatric disorders is that the results of biological and neuroscience research are not reflected in the diagnostic criteria. Thus, data-driven analyses incorporating biological and cross-disease perspectives, regardless of the diagnostic category, have recently been proposed. A data-driven clustering study based on subcortical volumes in 5604 subjects classified into four brain biotypes associated with cognitive/social functioning. Among the four brain biotypes identified in controls and patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other psychiatric disorders, we further analyzed the brain biotype 1 subjects, those with an extremely small limbic region, for clinical utility. We found that the representative feature of brain biotype 1 is enlarged lateral ventricles. An enlarged ventricle, defined by an average z-score of left and right lateral ventricle volumes > 3, had a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 98.1% for discriminating brain biotype 1. However, the presence of an enlarged ventricle was not sufficient to classify patient subgroups, as 1% of the controls also had enlarged ventricles. Reclassification of patients with enlarged ventricles according to cognitive impairment resulted in a stratified subgroup that included patients with a high proportion of schizophrenia diagnoses, electroencephalography abnormalities, and rare pathological genetic copy number variations. Data-driven clustering analysis of neuroimaging data revealed subgroups with enlarged ventricles and cognitive impairment. This subgroup could be a new diagnostic candidate for psychiatric disorders. This concept and strategy may be useful for identifying biologically defined psychiatric disorders in the future.

Neuropsychopharmacology ReportsVol. 45(1)
Hiroshima University (JP), University of Miyazaki (JP), SHOWA Medical University (JP), University of Tsukuba (JP), Aichi Medical University (JP), Kanazawa Medical University (JP), Yamaguchi University (JP), University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan (JP), The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (JP), Hokkaido University (JP), Kyoto University (JP), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (JP), Nagoya University Hospital (JP), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (JP), Osaka Hospital (JP), Hokkaido University Hospital (JP), National Institute for Physiological Sciences (JP), National Institute of Mental Health (JP), Gifu University (JP), University of Toyama (JP), Fukushima University (JP), Nagoya University (JP), The University of Tokyo (JP), Nippon Medical School (JP), Tokushima University (JP), The University of Osaka (JP)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Moonshot Research and Development Program
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
7.16
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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