Screening of Chemical Profile by LC–MS/MS and Assessment of Biological Properties of <i>Achillea sintenisii</i> Hub. Mor. From Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub. Mor. and to ascertain their divergent biological properties. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds. The anticancer properties of the samples were tested against human breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453) and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines by XTT assay. The anti-Alzheimer's studies were performed using Ellman's assay. The antimicrobial studies were carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antioxidative potential of the samples was evaluated on the basis of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 27 phytochemicals, including high concentrations of quinic acid, gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, cynaroside, and caffeic acid. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent cytoxicity against MDA-MB-453 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 83.05 µg/mL. All extracts showed stronger inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase compared to tacrine. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, approaching the level of vancomycin. Methanol extract possessed the highest DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power. These findings render A, sintenisii a promising source for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.