Optimum utilization of renewable energy to generate electricity for chain-markets in Crete

In large-scale complexes, substantial energy consumption often -results in high operational costs. This issue is especially measurable in commercial and industrial buildings, where HVAC systems and equipment dominate energy usage. Incorporating RES into such complexes aligns with long-term goals of reducing energy expenses and achieving sustainability targets. Supermarkets, in particular, have unique energy profiles due to their operational demands (extended refrigeration requirements and long operating hours). Therefore, careful consideration is required when integrating renewable systems to match their specific energy consumption patterns. Energy storage solutions play a critical role by storing excess energy generated during off-peak periods for use during peak times or when renewable generation is insufficient. This approach not only reduces reliance on expensive grid electricity but also enhances energy resilience. A case study involving a supermarket in Crete demonstrates how optimising photovoltaic (PV) and battery system installation can minimise total energy costs compared to conventional energy setups. The methodology relies on the estimation of hourly electricity consumption, based on recorded monthly values. The building's structural properties were considered alongside a metaheuristic algorithm, the Moth-Flame Optimiser (MFO), which assessed the optimal PV and battery installed capacity.