Methodological approaches to forming strategic alliances

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of methodological approaches to the creation of strategic alliances, identification of their applicability and limitations in the context of the current economic conditions of Ukraine. For domestic companies, strategic alliances, as a tool for cooperation between Ukrainian and international companies, public and private organisations, can play a crucial role in ensuring the adaptation of companies to market conditions characterised by an unstable political situation and limited opportunities for internal financing. The study identifies three key approaches: systemic, resource and institutional, justified by their widespread use in global practice and the universality of the analysis of complex organisational interactions. Their main provisions, principles and peculiarities of application in different economic conditions are analysed. Particular attention is paid to their application in the context of the Ukrainian economy, which makes it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The systemic approach views strategic alliances as complex systems in which interaction and coordination between all elements are important, as well as consideration of the impact of the external environment. It helps to assess how internal processes and relationships in an alliance affect its success. The resource approach focuses on the pooling and efficient use of alliance members' resources, which helps to increase their competitiveness and achieve synergies. The institutional approach focuses on external factors, such as laws, regulations, social and economic institutions, that influence the formation and development of strategic alliances. However, in the context of modern Ukraine, where military conflicts, economic instability and the need for post-war reconstruction have a significant impact, traditional approaches are not always sufficient. In this regard, the article proposes an adaptive approach as the most relevant in the context of the crisis and economic uncertainty faced by Ukrainian enterprises. It is based on the flexibility and ability of enterprises to quickly adapt to changes in the external environment. Recommendations on the use of this approach for the creation of strategic alliances in modern conditions are provided.