Comprehensive Insights into Frequency Regulation in Islanded Microgrids

Islanded microgrids are essential for supplying dependable and sustainable electricity, particularly in isolated locations and for vital applications. However, maintaining frequency stability in islanded operation presents significant challenges due to the absence of a central grid and limited inertia. This paper provides a comprehensive review of frequency regulation methods tailored to islanded microgrids, highlighting advancements in conventional, distributed, and emerging control strategies. Key techniques discussed include droop control, virtual inertia, model predictive control, and artificial intelligence-based approaches. The review also explores their effectiveness, scalability, and adaptability under varying load and generation conditions. Along with providing insights on hybrid tactics and future research goals, it also looks at the integration problems related to energy storage systems and renewable energy sources. By consolidating current knowledge, this work aims to guide researchers and practitioners in optimizing frequency regulation and making certain that islanded microgrids are stable and dependable.