Cross-Layer Optimization Strategies for Energy-Efficient and Reliable Machine-Type Communication in LPWANs

In the massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices over Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) presents substantial issues regarding energy efficiency and stability. The existing frameworks frequently fails in the the intricate relationships among the MAC-layer and physical parameters. To enhanced cross-layer evaluation methodology that integrates adaptive data rate (ADR) optimization, real-time energy consumption monitoring, and dynamic downlink message handling to address the problems. To maintain stability and performance with the network situations, the framework makes use of a Control-Lyapunov function. To enable effective resource allocation uses the Successive Convex Approximation that improve the effects of various transmission systems under quasi-static and dynamic channel conditions. To verify the cross-layer interactions and it impacts the energy efficiency, the proposed method begins with the data collection and it moves to payload size and packet length, are regularly changed to examines the affect throughput and energy consumption. The findings show the high-density node situations, energy consumption that reduced while retaining reliable communication. Furthermore, the results show the interdependencies among network parameters, highlighting the necessity of an integrated strategy. This framework helps to ensure the mMTC scenarios that optimized by improving the long-term viability and dependability of IoT networks.