V- Shaped Bird Algorithm (VSBA) For Energy- Efficient and Reliable Underwater Sensor Network

Effective communication and resource management are significantly hampered by the demanding underwater environment. The hard underwater environment causes the limited battery longevity of sensors, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) require energy saving, connection, and data reliability. The V-Shaped Bird Algorithm (VSBA) imitates the energy efficient V-formation found in flocks of birds, offering a novel method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) optimization. By arranging nodes in a V-pattern, VSBA minimizes end-to-end latency and energy usage while reducing communication distances. VSBA extends network lifetime and improves data dependability by balancing energy loads across nodes and increasing packet delivery ratios through strategic node placement. According to simulation data, VSBA performs better regarding reliability and energy efficiency than conventional algorithms like Vector Based Forwarding and Depth Based Routing. Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), are crucial in multiple fields. Applications for these networks include resource management, surveillance, disaster relief, offshore oil and gas development, and environmental monitoring.