Efficient intelligent fault diagnosis method and graphical user interface development based on fusion of convolutional networks and vision transformers characteristics

Convolutional Neural Networks have been widely applied in fault diagnosis tasks of mechanical systems due to their strong feature extraction and classification capabilities. However, they have limitations in handling global context information. Vision Transformers, by leveraging self-attention mechanisms to capture global dependencies, have shown excellent performance in many visual tasks, but often come with high computational costs. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight and efficient intelligent fault diagnosis method based on the fusion of Convolutional Network and Vision Transformer features (FCNVT). This method combines the local feature extraction capability of CNNs with the global dependency capturing ability of ViTs, while maintaining computational efficiency. Random overlapping sampling (ROS) techniques are used to preprocess signals, generating two-dimensional synchronized wavelet transform (SWT) images as inputs to the network. Experimental verification has shown that the proposed method achieves up to 100% classification accuracy, with the model having 7 million parameters and a computational cost of only 0.28 G, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI)-based mechanical equipment fault detection system was developed using this method, which holds positive implications for advancing the practical application of intelligent fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment.