Efficacy of Sub-Conjunctival Injection of Mitomycin C Versus Bevacizumab in Pterygium Treatment: Pakistani Population

Background: Pterygium is a progressive fibrovascular tissue that affects the conjunctiva and cornea. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Sub-conjunctival injection of Mitomycin C versus Bevacizumab in pterygium treatment focusing on their impact on recurrence rates to improve postoperative outcomes. Methods: The Randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Ophthalmology department of Ziauddin University over 8 months. 54 patients aged above 18 with grade 2 or 3 pterygium were divided into 2 groups of 27. Group A received a Subconjunctival injection of Mitomycin C while Group B received Bevacizumab. Patients were monitored at 1st and 3rd week post injection followed by pterygium excision 1 month later. The postoperative follow-up was conducted at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months to assess improvement in symptoms and recurrence. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23; the Chi-square test and Paired T-test were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The study analyzed data from 54 patients with pterygium, having a mean age of 42.03±8.23 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The common symptoms were Redness (40.74%), itching (27.8%), and decreased visual acuity (31.4%). Post-injection outcome in terms of pterygium vascularity and thickness was better in group B. The recurrence rates at the 6th-month post excision were 1 (7.4%) and 3 (18.5%) in group B. Conclusion: Mitomycin C as an adjuvant treatment demonstrates superior efficacy in reducing pterygium recurrence and improving postoperative vision, compared to Bevacizumab.