Transforming Learning in Raudhatul Athfal: Development of Innovative Teaching Materials and Symbolic Modeling Techniques to Enhance Manners in the Golden Generation

Introduction: This study explores the phenomenon of decreased manners in early childhood caused by the influence of a hostile social environment and the dominance of gadgets. Objective: This study integrates visual symbols as an effective etiquette learning tool for early childhood. Using a symbolic modelling approach, this study created a more concrete manner of material following children's understanding. Method: The integrated development method in Raudhatul Athfal's classroom environment involves needs analysis, designing symbols, making teaching materials, and trials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and etiquette comprehension tests before and after applying symbolic modelling. Results: The results showed that this approach significantly improved children's understanding and application of manners. Visual symbols help them understand abstract concepts more easily while stimulating active participation through an engaging and colourful approach. Conclusions: This research guides the development of an engaging and practical curriculum in teaching etiquette values in early childhood and encouraging the use of visual methods in learning.