Shannon-Wiener Index: Carbon Emission and Energy Consumption Structure in India

In this article, the ARDL model was utilized to examine the effect of GDP, rate of urbanization (UR), structure of trade (TS), proportion of coal consumption (CS), and Shannon -Wiener Index (SWI) on CO 2 emissions in India over the period of 31 years (1990-2021). The SWI was used to reflect the structure of energy consumption. The outcomes of the study show that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis does not apply in India; an increase in SWI will reduce carbon emissions; and a diversified trade structure negatively affects the growth of carbon emissions.