Widespread Prevalence of Diphtheria in Nigeria, Africa: Identification, Pathogenic Impact, and Control of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for diphtheria, a severe and potentially life-threatening disease. With a mortality rate of up to 20%, diphtheria remains a major public health concern, particularly in regions with low vaccination coverage, such as parts of Africa. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and laboratory identification of C. diphtheriae, along with its diagnosis and treatment options. Additionally, we will explore the history of diphtheria vaccination, current immunization strategies, and ongoing efforts to control this preventable disease. By emphasizing the importance of sustained public health initiatives and high vaccination coverage, we aim to underscore the urgency of preventing the resurgence of this deadly infection.