Spectral dual-layer detector CT-based radiomics-deep learning for predicting pathological aggressiveness of stage I lung adenocarcinoma: discrimination of precursor glandular lesions and invasive adenocarcinomas

The coupled nomogram integrating SDCT-Zeff DLR with clinical features demonstrated improved predictive performance and was particularly effective in detecting GGN-featured glandular precursor lesions and adenocarcinomas. It provides a foundation for managing GGNs and offers valuable insights for preoperative evaluation.