Features of Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma, Aggravated by Adverse Cytogenetic Disorders (Literary Review)

Multiple myeloma accounts for about 10% of hematological malignancies. Diagnosis requires the presence of ≥10% of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow punctate or plasmocytoma, confirmed by biopsy, as well as the presence of one or more criteria: CRAB syndrome (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia or lytic lesions of skeletal bones), the ratio of involved/uninvolved free light chains (SLC) in serum ≥100 (when provided that the involved SLC is ≥100 mg/l, and the monoclonal protein of urine is ≥200 mg/24 h). The presence of del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), 1q21+ or p53 mutation is considered a high-risk multiple myeloma. The presence of any two high-risk factors is considered double—hit myeloma; three or more high-risk factors are triple-hit myeloma. Despite recent advances in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), a group of patients with high-risk diseases continues to show disappointing results of standard therapy. This review presents the features of the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, burdened with adverse cytogenetic abnormalities.