Cat Scratch Disease Revealed with Elbow Swelling in 10 Year-Old Child: Case Report

Introduction: Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), caused by Bartonella henselae, is the most common Bartonella infection in humans, typically presenting as self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy following a cat scratch or bite. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old child developed an atypical form of CSD, characterized by significant elbow swelling and abscess formation. Diagnosis was confirmed through imaging and PCR testing. The case required surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy, highlighting the variability in CSD presentation. Discussion: CSD is primarily transmitted through household cats, with higher incidence in children and seasonal peaks in fall and winter. While most cases resolve without intervention, severe forms may involve systemic or visceral complications. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, serology, and PCR. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and MRI are essential for identifying atypical presentations. Conclusion: CSD can manifest beyond typical lymphadenopathy, necessitating early recognition and appropriate management. In pediatric patients with suspected hepatosplenic involvement, abdominal ultrasound is recommended. Though often self-limiting, severe cases may require prolonged antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention.