Dialium guineense fruit pulp-mediated electrolyte modulation in prophylactic intervention of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in albino rats

Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders that is characterized by lesions of the mucous membrane that perforate the wall of the stomach. The aetiologies of the disease include alcohol abuse, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and infection by H. pylori. This study examined the gastroprotective effects of Dialium guineense fruit pulp extract and fractions on electrolyte profiles in ethanol-induced ulcerated rats, respectively, with acute and sub-acute models. This was done to determine the potential mechanism of this plant in the therapeutic effect through its effect on sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels in maintaining electrolyte balance during ulceration. The level of sodium and chloride showed a significant increase, p < 0.05, in the ulcer control group, which indicates electrolyte imbalance. Treatment with Dialium guineense resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in such ions and, hence, may reverse electrolyte imbalance. Fractions of the extract showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the modulation of electrolyte balance, especially in maintaining normal levels of sodium and chloride. The potassium and bicarbonate remained stable in the acute phase of the study but showed dramatic improvements in the sub-acute phase of the study, with fractions restoring near-normal potassium levels and reducing the concentration of bicarbonate. These findings suggest that Dialium guineense possesses significant gastroprotective properties, possibly by the mediation through regulation of electrolyte profiles, and could therefore serve as a promising candidate in the management of ulcers. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these effects.