Electrochemical Approaches for Radioactive Wastewater Treatments

Abstract Radioactive waste has become a critical concern due to its adverse impacts on the sustainability of living organisms and the environment. The waste is widely generated from various nuclear activities, such as nuclear power generation, healthcare, industry, mining, and research. Recently, there has been an intense focus on developing electrochemical techniques for radioactive waste management as these techniques offer several advantages compared to other methods, including cleanliness, versatility, environmental friendliness, ease of operation, and good compatibility with other waste management methods. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the electrochemical‐based methods development and their capabilities to extract various radionuclides from liquid wastes. This article follows a traditional literature review method, unsystematically collecting publications from 2009 to 2024 and analyzing them using a theoretical approach and comparative data. Various electrochemical techniques, such as electrodeposition, electro‐Fenton, electrodialysis, electrocoagulation flotation, microbial fuel cells, electrosorption/capacitive deionization, and photoelectrocatalysis, have been discussed. The main focus includes radionuclide types, electrodes, process conditions, as well as radionuclide extraction effectiveness. This review highlights the application of electrochemical technologies in radioactive waste treatment and provides a comparative analysis to support future research and development.