Pedal Energy – Photovoltaic (PV) Integration as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative Energy

Photovoltaic is Renewable Energy (RE) sourced from the sun. Apart from PV, pedal power generation is also a form of RE that can be used as alternative electrical energy because humans generate this energy in the pedalling mechanism. Furthermore, single use of renewable energy has limited continuity in the load supply because it relies heavily on sources that are only available sometimes. As proposed in this research, integrating several renewable energies, such as PV and pedal energy, could be a solution. This pedal generator uses a static bicycle to produce electrical energy by utilizing the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) to convert pedal energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy produced by PV and static bicycle is stored in a battery. A constant DC voltage interfacing in an efficient battery energy storage system is needed. Buck DC-DC converters maintain constant voltage from PV and static bicycles. The results show that the converters can stabilize a voltage of 65-32 volts from the generator permanent magnet and 17.19-18.3 volts from the photovoltaic to a constant voltage of 13.8 Volts. In addition, the proposed system utilized INA219 sensors as a measuring system. The maximum sensor inaccuracy of voltage and current is 2.96% and 0.81%, respectively.