Review on the Principle and Key Techniques of Centrifugal Model Test

The centrifugal model test, as an efficient physical simulation technique, is widely utilized in the field of geotechnical engineering, particularly in the study of soil mechanical properties and the stability of geotechnical structures. By simulating the gravitational stress under real-world conditions through a centrifugal force field, this method provides accurate experimental data on the stress, deformation, and failure mechanisms of rock and soil masses. This paper systematically outlines the fundamental principles of centrifugal model testing, with a particular focus on the similarity principle and the analysis of test errors. In light of potential error sources, such as uneven distribution of centrifugal force, boundary effects, and the centrifuge start-braking process, corresponding optimization strategies are proposed. Through a comprehensive summary and forward-looking analysis of existing technologies, this paper offers both theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development and application of centrifugal model testing in the future.