Modeling and Analysis of Hydrogen-Based Microgrid Using EMTP/RV

Recently, with the global expansion of hydrogen energy adoption, research and demonstration projects on hydrogen-integrated microgrids for carbon emission reduction are actively being carried out in conjunction with renewable energy and ESS. However, for the energy independence of microgrid users in an island operation mode, technical issues such as regulatory compliance, system stability, and power quality arise, necessitating prior verification of expected operational conditions during the system design stage. Therefore, this paper proposes a computational analysis model for the stable operation of hydrogen-integrated microgrids, including hybrid distributed power sources like photovoltaics, fuel cells, ESS, and water electrolysis, using the power system transient analysis program EMTP/RV. Simulations are conducted under independent operation transition and continuation conditions following KEPCO grid separation, considering the control modes of each DERs’ PCS, load variations, and inverter control modes of the grid-forming method. The analysis results confirm that the inertia and damping response of the ESS with a VSM-based GFM inverter contribute to frequency stability improvement under load variation conditions. Additionally, the control performance of the ESS’s GFM inverter under conditions of short-term output variations of photovoltaics due to changes in irradiation can be maintained more stably in terms of power, frequency, and bus voltage compared to the traditional inverter method.