Evaluating the Impact of PM-KISAN Scheme on Farmer's Income and Expenditure: Evidence from Bundelkhand

This study evaluated the impact of the PM-KISAN scheme on the most backward Bundelkhand region of India. It was important that this region suffered from adverse agro-climatic conditions, and farmers face frequent droughts. This study aimed to examine the impact of the PM-KISAN scheme on farm income, cost of cultivation, and input expenditure. This study used field survey data for the impact assessment collected from two districts of the Bundelkhand region in 2022. The sample household contained 272 beneficiaries as the treatment group and 54 non-beneficiary farm households as the control group. For the policy impact estimation, the propensity score matching and regression adjustment methods were used, and it was found that the scheme had a positive and significant impact on input expenditure, cost of cultivation, and agricultural income.