The strongest solar flares of Solar Cycle 25 and their subionospheric impact: data and modeling

Solar flares, which are powerful explosions on the Sun's surface, are well recognized driving forces that have a significant impact on the near-Earth environment, causing extra ionization within the sunlit Earth's atmospheric layers.Based on how they affect the lower ionosphere and its electron density profile, X-ray solar flares can be categorized.In order to forecast the effects of potential solar occurrences during the waning phase of Solar Cycle 25, this study focuses on the disturbances caused by X-ray solar flares.In this paper we examined Solar Cycle progression i.e. solar activity of highest intensity (strongest 50 solar flares) during the ascending phase of Solar Cycle 25 by conducting numerical ionospheric modeling based on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) database on solar X-ray radiation.