Mechanism-data dual-driven research framework for whole-process water conservation and carbon emission reduction within industrial parks

Chinese industrial sector is currently facing the challenge of achieving an optimal balance among water conservation, carbon emission reduction, and aquatic ecosystem preservation at a manageable or minimal cost. To address this challenge, a mechanism-data dual-driven research framework is presented in this work. Firstly, based on a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying typical water-use, wastewater treatment and reuse processes within industrial parks, a hybrid modeling approach was adopted to describe these processes and their associated carbon emission behaviors. Secondly, a superstructure optimization model specifically tailored for water-carbon-economy nexus problem was formulated. By solving the obtained optimization model, the optimal technical pathway for simultaneous water conservation and carbon emission reduction at a minimum water-use cost can be identified. It provides valuable information to support the decision-making about water network optimization within industrial parks. Our case studies demonstrate that this research framework can successfully describe the complex water network configuration, water related operations, and their carbon emission behaviors within industrial parks. Therefore, the framework can provide a solution which balances local and overall benefits, as well as economic benefits and environmental impacts.