Orthopedic Surgical Robotic Systems: Comprehensive Review

Orthopedic surgery is one of the earliest surgical specialties to adopt robotic technology in clinical practice. Over the years, it has become a fascinating field with remarkable achievements. Surgical robots improve alignment accuracy and restore normal kinematics by enabling precise bone preparation, particularly in total joint replacement surgeries. There are various robotic systems available on the market, each tailored to specific types of surgeries with features designed to meet different requirements and operating methods. This paper provides a review of orthopedic robotic systems based on different fracture types, covering robotic systems related to hip and knee, spine, and fracture reduction surgeries. Regardless of the system type, the primary goal of robotic systems is to improve the accuracy and precision of surgical procedures. Although the history of surgical robots is relatively short, they have already demonstrated clinical efficacy when compared to traditional orthopedic surgeries. When considering which robotic system to use, surgeons must carefully assess the advantages and disadvantages of each system to choose the one best suited to their surgical needs.