New nanomanufacturing strategy through bioinspired design, for promising treatment of Parkinson’s disease

This study attempts to develop a new nanomanufacturing strategy for Parkinson's disease using natural biodegradable components (chitosan, albumin, and dopamine) that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to biocompatibility, biodegradability, targeted delivery, and controlled drug release. It was prepared, thoroughly optimized and characterized using various biophysical and chemical techniques. Results showed that the nanomanufactured system (molar ratio of 1:0.25:0.5 and particle size range: 38-190 nm) exhibited a zeta potential of + 73 mV facilitating efficient pentration of BBB through an adsorption mechanism with the cell membrane's negative charges. The particle size of the nanomanufactured system and spherical nanoparticle clusters indicated its ability to enhance dopamine delivery to brain tissues. Encapsulation efficiency was measured at 74.31 ± 0.29 with dopamine release faster at pH 5.4 and sustained release over 96 h in both acidic media (pH 5.4) or physiological conditions (pH 7.4). Cytotoxicity studies showed a degradation rate in normal cells that never exceeded 20% and the nanomanufactured system exhibited low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, indicating low cytotoxicity. Albumin plays a vital and distinct role in stimulating normal cells and enhancing the transport system to the target via an adsorptive-mediated endocytosis pathway. The electron microscopy images depict distrution of heterogeneous nanoparticles, with sizes ranged from 36.86 nm to 190.3 nm and a mean average diameter of 108.1 nm. The average particle size of the nanosystem was 49.4 ± 9.9 nm, with a Polydispersity Index (PI) of 0.494. The loading efficiency was 14.78 ± 0.37% and the encapsulation efficiency was 74.31 ± 0.29%. This nanomanufactured system holds significant promise for improving Parkinson's disease treatment by enabling targeted and efficient drug delivery to the brain.