PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS (SSIs) AMONG OPERATED CASES IN GENERAL SURGERY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are hospital-acquired infections occurring within 30 days post-surgery, or up to one year in case of implants. SSIs represent a signicant proportion of nosocomial infections, with an incidence that varies based on the type of surgery and patient conditions. This study explores the risk factors, types, and preventive measures related to SSIs at a tertiary care hospital. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of SSIs, identify the predominant microorganisms involved, and examine the association between various risk factors and SSI development. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on 800 patients over 24 months, with microbiological evaluations, demographic analysis, and surgical factors being studied. Statistical analysis included Z-tests to determine the signicance of risk factors. Results: The overall incidence of SSIs was 15%. Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism isolated. Deep SSIs were the most frequent type observed. Signicant associations were found between age, comorbidities, emergency surgeries, and SSI occurrence. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for enhanced infection control practices, especially in high-risk groups and during emergency surgeries. Preventive strategies, including the administration of appropriate antibiotics and careful surgical techniques, are crucial for reducing SSIrates.