The complete mitochondrial genome of Glyphocrangon regalis (Caridea, Glyphocrangonidae) and the phylogenetic relationships of Caridea

Abstract In studying the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) composition and gene sequences of deep-sea organisms, it is of great importance to understand and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to the deep-sea environment. Glyphocrangon regalis belongs to Caridea, Crangonoidea, and is a typical deep-sea shrimp. In this study, the complete mitogenome of G. regalis was obtained using next-generation sequencing technology. The mitochondrial genes were annotated, and their sequence structures were analysed. The complete mitogenome sequence of G. regalis was 15 918 bp in length, with a base composition of A (36.85%), T (36.68%), C (15.53%) and G (9.94%), exhibiting a significant AT bias with an A + T content of 75.53%. G. regalis encoded a total of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs; among them, 14 genes were located on the negative strand, and 23 genes were located on the positive strand, similar to other caridean shrimp mitogenomes. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 13 PCGs of the mitogenomes of 95 species from 12 families within Caridea, supporting the monophyly of various families within Caridea and revealing that G. regalis and species of Pandalidae were the most closely related. This study provides insights into the complete mitogenome of G. regalis , elucidating its genomic characteristics and structural functions. It clarifies the evolutionary status of G. regalis and explores the evolutionary patterns of various families within Caridea through phylogenetic tree construction, thereby providing more references for the study of Caridea systematics.