Effects of lower seed rate and seed classes on seed quality yield and seed multiplication factors of bread wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) under irrigation in Northwest Amhara Region

The fundamental agricultural input that increases crop productivity and output is seed. However, a lot of issues limit the bread wheat seed yield and quality, and one of the most significant ones is using the incorrect seed rate for early generation seed production. In the Mecha district, field tests were carried out to determine how seed rate could improve the Ogolcho bread wheat variety’s performance in terms of seed quality, yield, and seed multiplication ratio during the 2021 and 2022 irrigation seasons. Five seed rates (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg ha−1 and two seed classes (breeder and basic seeds) were contrasted. Three replications and a randomized complete block factorial layout constituted the experimental design. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that for the parameters of days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed yield, seed multiplication ratio, and thousand seed weight, the interaction impact of seed rate and seed class was not significant (P > 0.05). The study’s findings showed that the seed rate significantly impacted the bread wheat’s seed output, multiplication ratio, and 1000 seed weight. The districts' seed multiplication ratio improved with decreased seed rates, according to the results. With lower production costs and greater benefits, the seed rate of 125 kg ha−1 produced the most economically desirable yield of early generation bread wheat seed production in the research area. Thus, it was profitable and advised to plant bread wheat at a rate of 125 kg ha−1.