Endobronchial Valves for Recurrent Hemoptysis Secondary to Aspergilloma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Aspergilloma is a common cause of hemoptysis and can result in significant morbidity and mortality in patients with structural lung disease. While surgical resection is the gold standard for treating aspergilloma, many patients are not suitable candidates for surgery. In this report, we explore the use of endobronchial valves (EBVs) as a non-surgical alternative for managing recurrent hemoptysis in a patient with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and a left upper lobe aspergilloma. Despite previous treatments, including antifungals and radiation, the patient experienced persistent hemoptysis and was not a candidate for either bronchial artery embolization or lobectomy. An EBV was implanted in the affected lung segment, resulting in the resolution of the hemoptysis without valve-related complications on the six-month follow-up. While the use of EBVs for hemoptysis management has been reported in a few cases, this is, to our knowledge, the first report in a patient with ILD. This approach presents a viable non-surgical alternative in complex cases where conventional treatments have proven ineffective or are not feasible.