Design, fabrication, and characterization of dual-wavelength inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core fibers

Abstract The present paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of an 8-tube inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (IC-HCPCF) capable of guiding both the beam emitted from an Yb:YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength of $$\lambda =1030 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1030</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and its second harmonic at $$\lambda =515 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . By controlling the strut thickness of the glass capillaries to approximately $$362 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>362</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the transmission of laser radiation at both wavelengths was possible with low losses. Optimizing the outer diameter of the glass capillaries mitigates the bending-induced increase of the confinement loss at the wavelength of $$515 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> without compromising the optical performance of the fiber at the wavelength of $$1030 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1030</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Experimental results confirm the near to diffraction-limited beam quality $$\left({M}^{2}&lt;1.15\right)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mfenced> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.15</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> of the laser beams exiting the fiber at both operational wavelengths. Operating in the first transmission band at the wavelength of $$1030 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1030</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the calculated chromatic dispersion is $$1.02 \text{ps}/(\text{nm}\bullet \text{km})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.02</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>ps</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>∙</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , despite a diameter of the hollow core of $$40 \mu \text{m}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>40</mml:mn> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . At the wavelength of $$515 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> this value amounts to $$0.62 \text{ps}/(\text{nm}\bullet \text{km})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.62</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>ps</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>∙</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The measured losses are $$27.5\pm 0.3 \text{dB}/\text{km}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>27.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>dB</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at the wavelength of $$515\text{ nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$25.7\pm 0.7 \text{dB

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Journal
Applied Physics B
Published
2025-02-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-025-08420-3
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5
Primary Topic
Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Design, fabrication, and characterization of dual-wavelength inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core fibers

Götz Kleem, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Thomas Graf, Tim Kühlthau et al.
5 citations
Applied Physics B
Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
3.65
article

Design, fabrication, and characterization of dual-wavelength inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core fibers

Götz Kleem, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Thomas Graf, Tim Kühlthau, Bowen Chen
article en
5 citations

Abstract

Abstract The present paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of an 8-tube inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (IC-HCPCF) capable of guiding both the beam emitted from an Yb:YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength of $$\lambda =1030 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1030</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and its second harmonic at $$\lambda =515 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . By controlling the strut thickness of the glass capillaries to approximately $$362 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>362</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the transmission of laser radiation at both wavelengths was possible with low losses. Optimizing the outer diameter of the glass capillaries mitigates the bending-induced increase of the confinement loss at the wavelength of $$515 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> without compromising the optical performance of the fiber at the wavelength of $$1030 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1030</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Experimental results confirm the near to diffraction-limited beam quality $$\left({M}^{2}&lt;1.15\right)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mfenced> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.15</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> of the laser beams exiting the fiber at both operational wavelengths. Operating in the first transmission band at the wavelength of $$1030 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1030</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the calculated chromatic dispersion is $$1.02 \text{ps}/(\text{nm}\bullet \text{km})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.02</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>ps</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>∙</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , despite a diameter of the hollow core of $$40 \mu \text{m}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>40</mml:mn> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . At the wavelength of $$515 \text{nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> this value amounts to $$0.62 \text{ps}/(\text{nm}\bullet \text{km})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.62</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>ps</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>∙</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The measured losses are $$27.5\pm 0.3 \text{dB}/\text{km}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>27.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>dB</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at the wavelength of $$515\text{ nm}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>515</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$25.7\pm 0.7 \text{dB

Applied Physics BVol. 131(3)
University of Stuttgart (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
3.65
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