Heat transfer and sensitivity exploration of gyrotactic microorganisms suspended in a Casson hybrid nanofluid flow on a permeable stenosed artery

The primary goal of this investigation is to concentrate on the heat transfer analysis concerning the permeability of a Casson hybrid nanofluid flowing through a narrowed artery in the presence of microorganisms. The non-Newtonian Casson fluid replicates the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. Additionally, the nonlinear coupled partial differential equation was streamlined efficiently through similarity transformations, and it was then numerically solved using MATLAB. The rheological properties of blood flow with hybrid nanoparticles (Ag-GO) were assessed using graphical representations and a detailed examination of the outcome. Findings showed that the Darcy number (Da) and Grashof parameter (Gr) are key factors in increasing fluid velocity. In contrast, modifications in the radiation parameter(Rd), the Casson parameter (β), and a magnetic field (M) have a positive influence on the temperature profile. The impact of ϕ, M, γ, Sc, and Pr on skin friction and local Nusselt number are addressed in a tabular format. Hybrid nanofluid's exceptional heat transfer capabilities make them more efficient than single-component nanofluids in heating and cooling applications. Functional performance and design can be refined by identifying and fine-tuning critical parameters influencing heat transfer rates via sensitivity analysis with response surface methodology. Furthermore, this study is significant in environmental science, material technology, biomedical engineering, and medicine.